{ "objects": [{ "objectid": "fullwood-allen", "title": "Interview with Allen Fullwood", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "interviewer": "Samantha Kinton; Sara Proper", "date": "2024-11-09", "description": "Allen Fullwood graduated from Olive Hill High School in 1959 when schools were still segregated. In 1961, Fullwood attended a small college in South Carolina and participated in sit ins in Rock Hill alongside his classmates and teammates. Morganton had an abundance of mimosa trees during this time period and was known as Mimosa City, \"but beneath that great fragrance was the stench of segregation.\"", "subject": "Allen Fullwood; NAACP; name-calling; mistreatment and abuse from teachers; lynching; Morganton City Schools; Rock Hill; Morganton; Durham; discrimination; harassment; Jim Crow; New Day Christian Church; sports; Olive Hill High School; segregation; physical violence; South Carolina; Morganton Board of Aldermen; Burke County; Fonta Flora; family; protests; lack of funding; segregated water fountains; desegregation; extracurriculars; glee club; resistance; community activism; historically Black colleges and universities; racial violence; school integration; employment discrimination; oral history; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "fullwood-allen", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PFladQfVxk", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/_PFladQfVxk/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/_PFladQfVxk/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PFladQfVxk", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/fullwood-allen.html" }, { "objectid": "fullwood-allen-photo", "parentid": "fullwood-allen", "title": "Photo of Allen Fullwood", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "date": "2024-11-09", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "fullwood-allen-photo", "type": "image;stillimage", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/fullwood-allen-photo.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/fullwood-allen-photo.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/fullwood-allen.html#fullwood-allen-photo" }, { "objectid": "lytle", "title": "Interview with Andrea Chambers Lytle", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "interviewer": "Sara Proper", "date": "2024-11-09", "description": "Andrea Chambers Lytle attended Mountain View Elementary School until fifth grade. She was in the first wave of desegregation and in 1963 was moved to Central School downtown, a formerly white school. She was wrongly placed into special ed classes and forced to repeat fifth grade two years later in 1965 when she was transferred to Forest Hill Elementary.", "subject": "Andrea Chambers Lytle; Claude Sitton; Willette Chambers; Ruth Forney; Mildred Largent; Lucille Rutherford; W.F. McIntosh; Beverly Forney; Beverly Forney Carlton; Leslie D. McKesson; Richard Johnson; Christobel Johnson; Burke County; Morganton; West Concord Street; Downtown Morganton; Slades Chapel; History Museum of Burke County; Mountain View Elementary; Forest Hill Elementary; Central School; West Concord; Olive Hill High School; Morganton High School; Morganton Junior High; Desegregation; School Integration; Segregation; Discrimination; Mistreatment/Abus From Teachers; Hitting, Humiliation; Favoritism; Loss of Black teachers; Community Activism; Resistance; Student-led activism; Work; Employment Discrimination; Church; Joy; Family; Sports; Basketball; Historically Black Colleges and Universities; Predominantly White Institutions; Segregated water fountains; Segregated restrooms; Harassment; Community; Racial Violence; Protests; Name-Calling; Extracurriculars; Walkout; oral history; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "lytle", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfpbKGRbVBI", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/vfpbKGRbVBI/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/vfpbKGRbVBI/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfpbKGRbVBI", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/lytle.html" }, { "objectid": "lytle-photo", "parentid": "lytle", "title": "Photo of Andrea Chambers Lytle", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "date": "2024-11-09", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "lytle-photo", "type": "image;stillimage", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/chambers-photo.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/chambers-photo.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/lytle.html#lytle-photo" }, { "objectid": "carlton", "title": "Interview with Beverly Carlton", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "interviewer": "Lexi Robinson", "date": "2024-11-09", "description": "Beverly Forney Carlton grew up in Morganton under Jim Crow with no unsupervised trips outside of her neighborhood. After Mountain View Elementary opened in 1958, Carlton walked 41 minutes or two miles to school across town. She states that walking through town required hyperviligance that \"you don't step on land bombs.\" After her parents and other families appeared before the school board to ask for transportation, they reassigned the complainants to white schools closer to their homes. Carlton felt unprepared for the pain and hostility she experienced when she was reassigned to Central School downtown for 1963 and 1964 school years. As integration went on, Carlton says, \"the atmosphere was never truly welcoming.\"", "subject": "Beverly Forney Carlton; Mountain View Elementary; Morganton; Burke County; Parents; Segregation; Jim Crow; Segregated water fountains; Segregated restrooms; Discrimination; Desegregation; School Integration; Transportation; Olive Hill High School; Central School; NAACP; Morganton City Schools; Ralph Abernathy; Mistreatment/Abuse From Teachers; Harassment; Racial Violence; Community Activism; Resistance; Student-led activism; Walkout; Church; Slades Chapel; Woolworths; Employment Discrimination; Work; Family; Joy; Community; Sports; Basketball; Cheerleading; Predominantly White Institutions; Historically Black Colleges and Universities; Loss of Black teachers; Favoritism; Hitting, Humiliation; Community Activism; Protests; Confederate Statue; Burke County Courthouse; West Concord Street; Downtown Morganton; Mountain View Recreation Center; Olive Hill; Morganton High School; Drexel Furniture; Morganton Courthouse Square; W.F. McIntosh; Leslie D. McKesson; NAACP; West Concord; Freedom High School; Western Piedmont; oral history; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "carlton", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQfMR8_-WPs", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/CQfMR8_-WPs/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/CQfMR8_-WPs/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQfMR8_-WPs", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/carlton.html" }, { "objectid": "carlton-photo", "parentid": "carlton", "title": "Photo of Beverly Carlton", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "date": "2024-11-09", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "carlton-photo", "type": "image;stillimage", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/carlton-photo.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/carlton-photo.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/carlton.html#carlton-photo" }, { "objectid": "largent", "title": "Interview with Carol Largent", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "interviewer": "Ashley Blanchard", "date": "2024-11-09", "description": "Carol Largent attended Mountain View Elementary School from kindergarten to fourth grade. In 1965, she was moved to Hillcrest Elementary, a formerly all-white school, for fourth grade. She was raised by a single mother who worked as a domestic laborer, cooking, cleaning, and catering. She grew up in a small neighborhood on a gravel road surrounded by her large extended family. Even though Hillcrest was the school closest to her home, she had never seen it. As a child, all she knew about desegregation was it meant going to a different school, a school she had never seen. She recalls her uncle \"piling all of us in the car and driving us over to Hillcrest so we could see the school.\"", "subject": "Carol Largent; Desegregation; Segregation; School Integration; Generational Differences; Military Integration; Community Activism; Community; Family; Nursing; Employment Discrimination; Mistreatment/Abuse From Teachers; Lack Of Funding; Loss of Black teachers; Physical Violence; Racial Violence; Church; Joy; Parents; Predominantly White Institutions; Family; oral history; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "largent", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sxf6TtCYdjc", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/Sxf6TtCYdjc/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/Sxf6TtCYdjc/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sxf6TtCYdjc", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/largent.html" }, { "objectid": "largent-photo", "parentid": "largent", "title": "Photo of Carol Largent", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "date": "2024-11-09", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "largent-photo", "type": "image;stillimage", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/largent-photo.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/largent-photo.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/largent.html#largent-photo" }, { "objectid": "poole", "title": "Interview with Carol Poole", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "date": "2024-11-09", "description": "At the age of fourteen, Carol Poole attended the newly formed West Concord School, a desegregated school for ninth graders in the same buildings that a year prior housed Olive Hill High School, the historically Black high school. Poole describes support from friends, teachers, guidance counselors, and her church. She credits Black teachers with preparing students for the coming challenges of desegregation. ", "subject": "Carol Poole; New Day Christian Church; Morganton; Burke County; Mountain View Elementary; Mountain View Recreation Center; West Concord Street; Morganton High School; Desegregation; School Integration; Segregation; Discrimination; Employment Discrimination; Teacher Support; Parental Support; Church; Extracurriculars; Community Activism; Cheerleading; Western Piedmont; Guidance Counselor; oral history; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "poole", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyYArZY7IOM", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/pyYArZY7IOM/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/pyYArZY7IOM/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyYArZY7IOM", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/poole.html" }, { "objectid": "poole-photo", "parentid": "poole", "title": "Photo of Carol Poole", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "date": "2024-11-09", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "poole-photo", "type": "image;stillimage", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/poole-photo.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/poole-photo.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/poole.html#poole-photo" }, { "objectid": "mckesson", "title": "Interview with Charles McKesson", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "interviewer": "Alex Bouk", "date": "2024-11-09", "description": "In 1966 at the age of six, Charles McKesson attended desegregated Hillcrest Elementary School. He shares about a formative experience with his grandfather, Daddy Charlie, when court decisions mandating desegregation were announced on the evening news. McKesson speaks about his parents and family fighting for their children to be treated as equal and his grandmother's lesson, \"There's no such word as can't.\"", "subject": "Charles McKesson; New Day Christian Church; Morganton; Burke County; Desegregation; School Integration; Segregation; Discrimination; Mistreatment/Abuse From Teachers; Parents; Family; Church; Work; Sports; Community; Leslie D. McKesson; oral history; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "mckesson", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6SMAnCcJ1M", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/a6SMAnCcJ1M/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/a6SMAnCcJ1M/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6SMAnCcJ1M", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/mckesson.html" }, { "objectid": "mckesson-photo", "parentid": "mckesson", "title": "Photo of Charles McKesson", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "date": "2024-11-09", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "mckesson-photo", "type": "image;stillimage", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/mckesson-photo.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/mckesson-photo.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/mckesson.html#mckesson-photo" }, { "objectid": "tate", "title": "Interview with Diann Thomas Tate", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "interviewer": "Cady Barlow", "date": "2024-11-09", "description": "Diann Thomas Tate attended Olive Hill High School for three years and was transferred to Morganton High School her senior year due to desegregation and Olive Hill's closure. Her brother, Eugene Thomas, was one of the first Black students to graduate from Morganton High School in 1965. Tate describes the sadness and fear her and her classmates felt upon learning they would not graduate from Olive Hill and they would be sent to separate, desegregated high schools throughout the county. Tate's mother, Laura Thomas, was one of the West Concord Mothers. She worked for the superintendent and advocated for her son to attend Morganton High School in 1964. Tate describes how students dropped out due to desegregation and the impact of the loss of Black teachers. She states, \"The teachers we had at Olive Hill were not just teachers, but they were people that lived in our communities.\" Tate talks about the differences in quality of resources like textbooks, uniforms, and libraries. She recalls taking part in sit-ins and protests with the NAACP advocating for desegregation of the Collett Street Recreation Center. ", "subject": "Diann Thomas Tate; New Day Christian Church; Morganton; Burke County; Olive Hill High School; Western Piedmont; Woolworths; NAACP; Protests; Community Activism; Desegregation; School Integration; Segregation; Discrimination; Name-Calling; Harassment; Transportation; Loss of Black teachers; Sports; Band; Extracurriculars; Church; Parents; Community; Morganton City Schools; Family; oral history; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "tate", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzaC9peChi0", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/XzaC9peChi0/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/XzaC9peChi0/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzaC9peChi0", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/tate.html" }, { "objectid": "tate-photo", "parentid": "tate", "title": "Photo of Diann Thomas Tate", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "date": "2024-11-09", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "tate-photo", "type": "image;stillimage", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/tate-photo.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/tate-photo.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/tate.html#tate-photo" }, { "objectid": "fullwood-doris", "title": "Interview with Doris Fullwood", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "interviewer": "Alex Bouk", "date": "2024-11-09", "description": "Doris Anne Luck Fullwood taught biology, math, and physical education during desegregation. She grew up in Asheboro in Randolph County and attended segregated schools. She went to an all-women's college and accepted a position at Olive Hill High School in Morganton as her first teaching job. After desegregation and the closure of Olive Hill High School, Fullwood was one of the few Black teachers retained by the school system. When Freedom High School opened in 1973 or 1974, Fullwood became Chair of the Biology department where she wrote the curriculum, developed workshops, managed the budget, and supervised faculty.", "subject": "Doris Fullwood; Church; resistance; joy; predominantly white institutions; cheerleading; extracurriculars; employment discrimination; W.F. McIntosh; segregation; Olive Hill High School; walkout; racial violence; favoritism; lack of funding; Allen Fullwood; Freedom High School; historically Black colleges and universities; New Day Christian Church; NAACP; school integration; band; sports; work; Western Piedmont; transportation; physical violence; community activism; Morganton; discrimination; Burke County; desegregation; oral history; primary source\r\n", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "fullwood-doris", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIW_U4f-wCE", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/KIW_U4f-wCE/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/KIW_U4f-wCE/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIW_U4f-wCE", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/fullwood-doris.html" }, { "objectid": "fullwood-doris-photo", "parentid": "fullwood-doris", "title": "Photo of Doris Fullwood", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "date": "2024-11-09", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "fullwood-doris-photo", "type": "image;stillimage", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/fullwood-doris-photo.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/fullwood-doris-photo.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/fullwood-doris.html#fullwood-doris-photo" }, { "objectid": "harbison", "title": "Interview with Gary Harbison", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "interviewer": "Alex Bouk; Ethan Scheurich", "date": "2024-11-09", "description": "Gary Harbison attended Mountain View Elementary, a segregated elementary school. At age 14, he desegregated Morganton Junior High School. He fondly remembers growing up in his community and Mountain View Recreation Center being an important gathering place to play sports, hold dances, swim, meet people from other cities like Gastonia. Harbison speaks about the difficulties and pain of desegregation and details the 1968 student walkout. Harbison was part of efforts to honor the West Concord Mothers who organized for transportation and achieved the pilot desegregation program for their children. He facilitated a Black History Month event at New Day Christian and asked the surviving Mothers and their children to speak. He also worked with Dr. Leslie McKesson to install a historical marker at Slades Chapel AME Church downtown to honor the Mothers.", "subject": "Gary Harbison; Segregation; Extracurriculars; Drexel Furniture; Employment Discrimination; Olive Hill High School; Community Loss of Black teachers; Glee Club; Sports; Discrimination; West Concord Mothers; Lack Of Funding; Favoritism; Mistreatment/Abuse From Teachers; Community Activism; Mistreatment/Abuse From Teachers; Favoritism; Cheerleading; Walkout; Resistance; Transportation; Racial Violence; Name-Calling; Physical Violence; New Day Christian Church; Burke County; Mountain View Elementary School; Mountain View Recreation Center; Morganton Junior High School; Desegregation; School Integration; oral history; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.3934722917048", "longitude": "-80.59808202101834", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "harbison", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGhMHaw1Zxs", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/BGhMHaw1Zxs/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/BGhMHaw1Zxs/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGhMHaw1Zxs", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/harbison.html" }, { "objectid": "harbison-photo", "parentid": "harbison", "title": "Photo of Gary Harbison", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "date": "2024-11-09", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "harbison-photo", "type": "image;stillimage", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/harbison-photo.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/harbison-photo.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/harbison.html#harbison-photo" }, { "objectid": "phifer", "title": "Interview with Nancy Phifer", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "interviewer": "Reagan Petto", "date": "2024-11-09", "description": "Nancy Phifer was in eighth grade at Morganton Junior High School at the start of desegregation. She recalls the way white administrators assigned one Black student per class as a way to separate them from each other and how isolating that was for her classmates. Phifer does not recall any preparations or conversations in her family or school to get ready for desegregation. Phifer discusses the opening of a school in Hickory called North State Academy, which was for white families to avoid integration. Families would meet in the First Baptist Church parking lot for their children to board the bus to Hickory--\"they didn't mind that busing.\" Phifer shares two memories about Olive Hill High School traditions that Coach McIntosh brought to Morganton High School, including an award recognizing the smartest students and students dressing up on Mondays. As a white student, Phifer recalls being unaware of the realities of her Black peers and the work of the NAACP. ", "subject": "Nancy Phifer; New Day Christian Church; Morganton; Burke County; Morganton City Schools; Mountain View Elementary; Olive Hill High School; NAACP; Church; Desegregation; School Integration; Segregation; discrimination; Jim Crow; Segregated water fountains; Segregated restrooms; Name-Calling; Harassment; Transportation; Community Activism; Protests; Walkout; Resistance; Student-led activism; Sports; Cheerleading; band; Glee Club; Extracurriculars; Loss of Black teachers; Employment Discrimination; Physical Violence; Hitting, Humiliation; Racial Violence; Family; Community; Woolworths; oral history; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "phifer", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBpPBbfspT0", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/wBpPBbfspT0/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/wBpPBbfspT0/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBpPBbfspT0", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/phifer.html" }, { "objectid": "phifer-photo", "parentid": "phifer", "title": "Photo of Nancy Phifer", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "date": "2024-11-09", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "phifer-photo", "type": "image;stillimage", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/phifer-photo.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/phifer-photo.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/phifer.html#phifer-photo" }, { "objectid": "andrews", "title": "Interview with Pam Andrews", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "interviewer": "Alex Hopper", "date": "2024-11-09", "description": "Pam Andrews is a white student who attended Morganton High School before and during desegregation. She felt during her time in high school, she and her classmates did not include or treat Black students the same way they treated each other. She did not invite Black classmates to her home. She played on the championship winning women's basketball team and believes sports were a unifying force during desegregation.", "subject": "Pam Andrews; Segregated restrooms; New Day Christian Church; historically Black colleges and universities; Collett Street Recreation Center; family; Morganton; favoritism; discrimination; mistreatment and abuse from teachers; segregation; community activism; joy; walkout; Jim Crow; harassment; physical violence; church; downtown Morganton; employment discrimination; desegregation; racial violence; school integration; cheerleading; extracurriculars; predominantly white institutions; Confederate statue; sports; basketball; community; name-calling; Burke County; resistance; Olive Hill High School; lack of funding; Morganton High School; segregated water fountains; protests; oral history; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "andrews", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mGzmG8yBjNY", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/mGzmG8yBjNY/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/mGzmG8yBjNY/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mGzmG8yBjNY", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/andrews.html" }, { "objectid": "andrews-photo", "parentid": "andrews", "title": "Photo of Pam Andrews", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "date": "2024-11-09", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "andrews-photo", "type": "image;stillimage", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/andrews-photo.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/andrews-photo.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/andrews.html#andrews-photo" }, { "objectid": "rankin", "title": "Interview with Rita Rankin", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "interviewer": "Alexis Robinson; Ella Lowman; Hayden Zeagler", "date": "2024-11-09", "description": "In third grade, Rita Rankin was transferred from McAlpine Elementary, the segregated Black school, to Glen Alpine Elementary, the formerly all-white school. Rankin recalls segregated water foundations in downtown Morganton and the impact these experiences and the erasure of this history through courthouse square renovations and the presence of the Confederate statue has had on her. She discusses losing a close childhood friend when her friend's father prohibited an interracial friendship. Rankin describes the sense of community at McAlpine Elementary School and seeing Black adults in professional roles that she no longer saw them in after desegregation, and the loss of cultural nourishment when she was transferred to Glen Alpine Elementary--\"it was like going from home to a strange land.\" Rankin's mother visited her children's schools to advocate for better treatment on several occassions after they were abused and humiliated by teachers. She describes differences in desegregation between Glen Alpine and Morganton. Rankin credits her family, parents, NAACP, church, and the Black community with providing support and advocacy during this time. ", "subject": "Rita Rankin; New Day Christian Church; Glen Alpine; McAlpine Elementary School; Glen Alpine Elementary School; Freedom High School; Morganton; Downtown Morganton; Morganton Courthouse Square; Burke County; Burke County Courthouse; Morganton City Schools; Woolworths; Confederate Statue; Segregated water fountains; Segregation; Desegregation; School Integration; Discrimination; Harassment; Name-Calling; Mistreatment/Abuse From Teachers; Hitting, Humiliation; Loss of Black teachers; Favoritism; band; Cheerleading; Parents; Family; Church; Community; Joy; Nursing; Healthcare; J Iverson Riddle; Drexel Furniture; Broughton; NAACP; Community Activism; Historically Black Colleges and Universities; Predominantly White Institutions; Leslie D. McKesson; Presidential election; oral history; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "rankin", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8FyYKy8Hck", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/j8FyYKy8Hck/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/j8FyYKy8Hck/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8FyYKy8Hck", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/rankin.html" }, { "objectid": "rankin-photo", "parentid": "rankin", "title": "Photo of Rita Rankin", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "date": "2024-11-09", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "rankin-photo", "type": "image;stillimage", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/rankin-photo.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/rankin-photo.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/rankin.html#rankin-photo" }, { "objectid": "roseboro", "title": "Interview with Ruth Roseboro", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "interviewer": "Alexis Robinson", "date": "2024-11-09", "description": "Ruth Roseboro was one of the first 28 African American students to desegregate a previously all-white school in Morganton, North Carolina when she was 10 years old. She had mixed feelings about desegregation, uncertain of what to expect but with an adventurous spirit. Her parents supported integration for the overall good. Roseboro faced discrimination and insensitive comments from some of her new white peers, but was able to form new friendships over time. After desegregation, Roseboro felt the sense of community was lost, as African American teachers were displaced and extracurricular activities became segregated. Roseboro and other Black students staged a walkout protest at their high school to push back against how Black students were only allowed to participate in sports, not other activities. Roseboro's experiences with desegregation shaped her as an adult, sometimes making her feel less than despite her abilities, but also leading her to a career in human services and community activism.", "subject": "Ruth Roseboro; New Day Christian Church; Morganton; Burke County; Morganton City Schools; Mountain View Elementary; Olive Hill High School; NAACP; Church; Desegregation; School Integration; Segregation; discrimination; Jim Crow; Segregated water fountains; Segregated restrooms; Name-Calling; Harassment; Transportation; Community Activism; Protests; Walkout; Resistance; Student-led activism; Sports; Cheerleading; band; Glee Club; Extracurriculars; Loss of Black teachers; Employment Discrimination; Physical Violence; Hitting, Humiliation; Racial Violence; Family; Community; Woolworths; oral history; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "roseboro", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJWSId4lwho", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/eJWSId4lwho/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/eJWSId4lwho/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJWSId4lwho", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/roseboro.html" }, { "objectid": "roseboro-photo", "parentid": "roseboro", "title": "Photo of Ruth Roseboro", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "date": "2024-11-09", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "roseboro-photo", "type": "image;stillimage", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/roseboro-photo.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/roseboro-photo.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/roseboro.html#roseboro-photo" }, { "objectid": "carpenter", "title": "Interview with Tommy Carpenter", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "interviewer": "Alex Hopper", "date": "2024-11-09", "description": "In 1964, Tommy Carpenter transferred to a formerly all-white school, Glen Alpine. He felt numb and confused learning he would attend a desegregated school. Memories from riding segregated buses stand out to him and how ingrained the expectations were that Black people would go straight to the back or would give up their seat for a white person. Carpenter and Elias Bryant desegregated Hush Puppy Fish Camp by eating dinner with their agriculture club after winning a competition. Their teacher told them not to attend, but Bryant refused. He picked up Carpenter from his home and said, \"Let's go die together.\" Carpenter speaks about how desegregation closed Black schools and led to a profound loss of community and pride.", "subject": "Tommy Carpenter; Alex Hopper; Morganton; Burke County; Glen Alpine; Olive Hill High School; Mountain View; Valdese; Integration; School Integration; Desegregation; Segregation; Discrimination; Mistreatment/Abuse From Teachers; Hitting, Humiliation; Favoritism; Loss of Black teachers; Transportation; Work; Employment Discrimination; Racial Violence; Ku Klux Klan; Racism; Harassment; Segregated water fountains; Segregated restrooms; Community Activism; Resistance; Student-led activism; Church; Family; Sports; Basketball; Armed Forces; Historically Black Colleges and Universities; Predominantly White Institutions; Joy; Hope; oral history; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "carpenter", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHvUKW6tVac", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/FHvUKW6tVac/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/FHvUKW6tVac/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHvUKW6tVac", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/carpenter.html" }, { "objectid": "carpenter-photo", "parentid": "carpenter", "title": "Photo of Tommy Carpenter", "creator": "AppState Student Interview Collection", "date": "2024-11-09", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "AppState Student Interviews, Dr. Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "carpenter-photo", "type": "image;stillimage", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/carpenter-photo.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/carpenter-photo.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/carpenter.html#carpenter-photo" }, { "objectid": "carlton-timeline", "title": "The Journey for Equality Timeline", "creator": "Leslie D. McKesson Collection", "date": "2023-10-14", "description": "\"The Journey for Equality\" is a graphical timeline created by Beverly Carlton. This timeline was distributed to attendees at the Slades Chapel AME historical marker dedication on October 14, 2023.", "subject": "Beverly Carlton; desegregation; Mountain View Elementary; Olive Hill High School; West Concord Mothers; NAACP; transportation; Slades Chapel AME Church; Gaston Chapel AME Church; New Bethel Baptist Church; Morganton City School Board; Morganton City Council; Morganton High School; Morganton Junior High; Forest Hill Elementary; Central School; protests; marches; songs; Suburban Coach; secondary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "Leslie D. McKesson Collection", "identifier": "carlton-timeline", "type": "text", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/carlton-timeline.pdf", "image_small": "/objects/small/carlton-timeline_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/carlton-timeline_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/carlton-timeline_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/carlton-timeline.pdf", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/carlton-timeline.html" }, { "objectid": "forney-statement", "title": "A Change Has Come: Impact Statement", "creator": "Leslie D. McKesson Collection", "date": "2025-01-23", "description": "Rev. Dr. Charlene Forney Hemphill is the daughter of Mrs. Ruth Forney, one of the West Concord Mothers. Hemphill provided this written impact statement as her testimony to the Children of the Struggle digital archive.", "subject": "Charlene Forney Hemphill; desegregation; school closures; Mountain View Elementary; West Concord Mothers; transportation; Woolworths; Slades Chapel; Rev James Hunt; discrimination; segregation; Olive Hill High School; extracurriculars; sports; basketball; Mrs. Amos; Western Piedmont Community College; Black teachers; discipline; self-respect; Ingles; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "Leslie D. McKesson Collection", "identifier": "forney-statement", "type": "text", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/forney-statement.pdf", "image_small": "/objects/small/forney-statement_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/forney-statement_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/forney-statement_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/forney-statement.pdf", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/forney-statement.html" }, { "objectid": "carlton-report", "title": "Report on Integration and the Impact of Poverty and Cultural Barriers in Morganton City Schools: Impact Statement", "creator": "Leslie D. McKesson Collection", "date": "2024-10-28", "description": "Beverly Carlton is the daughter of Mrs. Ruth Forney, one of the West Concord Mothers. She contribute this written impact statement to the Children of the Struggle digital archive, in which she discusses how desegregation impacted her and her community in Burke County.", "subject": "Beverly Carlton; segregation; desegregation; Mountain View Elementary; transportation; West Concord Mothers; school board; NAACP; Central School; Suburban Coach; poverty; discrimination; West Concord School; Slades Chapel; Mountain View Recreation Center; extracurriculars; church; cheerleading; W.F. McIntosh; Green Street Presbyterian; walkout; Woolworths; Ingles; discrimination; exclusion; trauma; PTSD; rejection; self-worth; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "Leslie D. McKesson Collection", "identifier": "carlton-report", "type": "text", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/carlton-report.pdf", "image_small": "/objects/small/carlton-report_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/carlton-report_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/carlton-report_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/carlton-report.pdf", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/carlton-report.html" }, { "objectid": "beach-article", "title": "Article titled \"Board Tells Negros: No Transportation to School Allowed\" by John W. Beach", "creator": "John W. Beach; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "date": "1961-09-19", "description": "News Herald reports on the special meeting of the Morganton Board of Aldermen and Morganton School Board appointees, which resulted in no publicly funded transportation offered to the West Concord families.", "subject": "West Concord Mothers; News Herald; transportation; Mountain View Elementary; newspaper; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "John W. Beach; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "identifier": "beach-article", "type": "text", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/beach-article.pdf", "image_small": "/objects/small/beach-article_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/beach-article_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/beach-article_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/beach-article.pdf", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/beach-article.html" }, { "objectid": "board-minutes", "title": "West Concord Mothers Present at Morganton Board of Aldermen", "creator": "Morganton Board of Aldermen; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "date": "1961-09-11", "description": "West Concord Mothers present transportation concerns to the Morganton Board of Aldermen. In response, the Board arranged private meetings with the School Board and a local taxi company to provide discounted transportation to students. If their requests were not met, the Mothers were prepared to escort their children to the segregated white schools closer to their neighborhood, rather than Mountain View Elementary over a mile from their neighborhood across town. This petition led to the \"first wave\" of desegregation in June 1963, where Morganton City Schools reassigned 30 Black students to formerly all-white schools closest to their homes.", "subject": "West Concord Mothers; transportation; newspaper; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "Morganton Board of Aldermen; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "identifier": "board-minutes", "type": "text", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/board-minutes.pdf", "image_small": "/objects/small/board-minutes_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/board-minutes_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/board-minutes_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/board-minutes.pdf", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/board-minutes.html" }, { "objectid": "board-minutes-2", "title": "Special Meeting of the Morganton Board of Aldermen, Town Council, and West Concord Mothers", "creator": "Morganton Board of Aldermen; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "date": "1961-09-18", "description": "Morganton Board of Aldermen and Morganton City School Board appointees discuss West Concord Mothers' request to provide transportation to segregated Mountain View Elementary School for their children.", "subject": "West Concord Mothers; transportation; Mountain View Elementary; newspaper; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "Morganton Board of Aldermen; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "identifier": "board-minutes-2", "type": "text", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/board-minutes-2.pdf", "image_small": "/objects/small/board-minutes-2_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/board-minutes-2_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/board-minutes-2_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/board-minutes-2.pdf", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/board-minutes-2.html" }, { "objectid": "cable-article", "title": "Article titled \"City School Board Assigns Negros\" by Dorothy Cable", "creator": "Dorothy Cable; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "date": "1963-06-11", "description": "Morganton City School Board grants requests for 30 Black children to transfer to historically white schools closer to their homes. Students experience rejection, isolation, discrimination, and trauma. This pilot desegregation program is a result of organizing by Black families, the local branch of the NAACP, Slades Chapel, Gaston Chapel, and New Bethel Baptist Church.", "subject": "desegregation; News Herald; Olive Hill High School; Morganton High School; West Concord; Mountain View Elementary; Morganton Junior High; Forest Hill Elementary; Central School; newspaper; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "Dorothy Cable; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "identifier": "cable-article", "type": "text", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/cable-article.pdf", "image_small": "/objects/small/cable-article_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/cable-article_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/cable-article_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/cable-article.pdf", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/cable-article.html" }, { "objectid": "class-photo", "title": "Mountain View Elementary School, Third Grade Class Photo", "creator": "Dixon Byrd; History Museum of Burke County", "date": "1965", "description": "Photograph of Ms. Woody's third grade class at Mountain View Elementary School during the first year of desegregation in Burke County. Faced with many years of activism by Black families, especially the West Concord Mothers, local churches, and NAACP, as well as the threat of losing federal funding with the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Burke County's schools consolidated and desegregated in 1965. The three previously separate school systems (Morganton City, Glen Alpine, and Burke County) merged into one, and all students were assigned to the school closest to their home. From its opening in 1958 to 1965, Mountain View Elementary was an all-Black school serving grades one through eight. As a result of desegregation in 1965, only 12 of the 26 Black teachers in the school system were rehired. Later that year, nine Black teachers who were not rehired sued the Morganton City School Board. In the case of Arthur Baglis Buford, et al v. The Morganton City Board of Education, Judge Braxton Craven ultimately rejected the teachers' argument of discrimination and sided with the School Board. Desegregation resulted in many Black teachers leaving Burke County due to this loss of employment.", "subject": "desegregation; Mountain View Elementary; photograph; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "Dixon Byrd; History Museum of Burke County", "identifier": "class-photo", "type": "image;stillimage", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/class-photo.jpg", "image_small": "/objects/small/class-photo_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/class-photo_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/class-photo_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/class-photo.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/class-photo.html" }, { "objectid": "ervin-thesis", "title": "Thesis titled \"'A Powder Keg that Could Very Easily Explode': Race, Paternalism, and Protest in Morganton, North Carolina\"", "creator": "Michael Ervin; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "date": "2012", "description": "Michael Ervin's Bachelor's thesis discusses two desegregation efforts at the Collett Street Recreation Center and in the Morganton City School system. Ervin argues that white moderates in Morganton used a variety of tactics to subdue African American protest and to promote the town as progressive in order to attract business, at the expense of Black residents.", "subject": "desegregation; Collett Street Recreation Center; Morganton City Schools; transportation; Mildred Largent; W.F. McIntosh; Artie McKesson Logan; NAACP; Recreation Foundation; secondary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "Michael Ervin; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "identifier": "ervin-thesis", "type": "text", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/ervin-thesis.pdf", "image_small": "/objects/small/ervin-thesis_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/ervin-thesis_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/ervin-thesis_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/ervin-thesis.pdf", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/ervin-thesis.html" }, { "objectid": "fleming-article", "title": "Article titled \"Sees No Racial Progress\" by John E. Fleming, Letter to News Herald Editor", "creator": "John E. Fleming; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "date": "1963-06-06", "description": "John E. Fleming's letter to the editor discussing segregation and Christian imperative in Morganton.", "subject": "segregation; News Herald; desegregation; Collett Street Recreation Center; newspaper; editorial; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "John E. Fleming; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "identifier": "fleming-article", "type": "text", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/fleming-article.pdf", "image_small": "/objects/small/fleming-article_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/fleming-article_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/fleming-article_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/fleming-article.pdf", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/fleming-article.html" }, { "objectid": "harbison-script", "title": "Script titled \"Seven Mothers: New Day Christian Church\" by Gary Harbison", "creator": "Gary Harbison; Gary Harbison Collection", "date": "2015", "description": "Community archivist and Morganton resident, Garby Harbison planned a Black History month program about the West Concord Mothers. Harbison read this script at the program.", "subject": "desegregation; West Concord Mothers; transportation; Carol Ervin Largent; harrassment; Olive Hill High School; secondary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "Gary Harbison; Gary Harbison Collection", "identifier": "harbison-script", "type": "text", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/harbison-script.pdf", "image_small": "/objects/small/harbison-script_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/harbison-script_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/harbison-script_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/harbison-script.pdf", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/harbison-script.html" }, { "objectid": "largent-article", "title": "Article titled \"Practicing and Preaching\" by Mildred Largent, Letter to News Herald Editor", "creator": "Mildred Largent; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "date": "1964-04-03", "description": "One of the mothers of West Concord Street, Mildred Largent published this letter to the editor calling attention to the Recreation Foundation's discriminatory attempts to prohibit Black residents from using Collett Street Recreation Center.", "subject": "desegregation; Collett Street Recreation Center; News Herald; Mildred Largent; Dell Wilson; newspaper; editorial; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "Mildred Largent; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "identifier": "largent-article", "type": "text", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/largent-article.pdf", "image_small": "/objects/small/largent-article_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/largent-article_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/largent-article_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/largent-article.pdf", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/largent-article.html" }, { "objectid": "mcbrayer-article", "title": "Article titled \"Seven Mothers Shared One Goal: A Better Education\" by Sharon McBrayer, News Herald", "creator": "Sharon McBrayer; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "date": "2005-03-06", "description": "Article highlighting the successful efforts of the West Concord Mothers to integrate Morganton City Schools.", "subject": "desegregation; News Herald; Willette Chambers; Laura Thomas; Lucille Rutherford; Mildred Largent; Annie J. Hicks; Ruth Forney; Rose Johnson; West Concord Mothers; racial violence; Olive Hill High School; Morganton High School; Forest Hill Elementary; Mountain View Elementary; Morganton Junior High; newspaper; secondary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "Sharon McBrayer; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "identifier": "mcbrayer-article", "type": "text", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/mcbrayer-article.pdf", "image_small": "/objects/small/mcbrayer-article_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/mcbrayer-article_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/mcbrayer-article_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/mcbrayer-article.pdf", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/mcbrayer-article.html" }, { "objectid": "mcfalls-article", "title": "Article titled \"Growing Up When Things Were Black and White\" by Kerri McFalls, News Herald", "creator": "Kerri McFalls; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "date": "2005-02-27", "description": "Ruth Roseboro, who was a child during school desegregation in the 1960's, tells of her experiences.", "subject": "desegregation; News Herald; Forest Hill Elementary; Morganton High; West Concord; marches; downtown; newspaper; secondary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "Kerri McFalls; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "identifier": "mcfalls-article", "type": "text", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/mcfalls-article.pdf", "image_small": "/objects/small/mcfalls-article_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/mcfalls-article_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/mcfalls-article_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/mcfalls-article.pdf", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/mcfalls-article.html" }, { "objectid": "mcgimpsey-article", "title": "Article titled \"Mildred Largent\" by Erma McGimpsey, News Herald", "creator": "Erma McGimpsey, North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "date": "2006", "description": "Biographical account of Mildred Largent's life, one of the West Concord Mothers and first woman president of the Morganton NAACP.", "subject": "desegregation; News Herald; Mildred Largent; NAACP; Mountain View Elementary; Forest Hill Elementary; transportation; Morganton Junior High; Morganton High School; Olive Hill High School; Slades Chapel; newspaper; secondary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "Erma McGimpsey, North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "identifier": "mcgimpsey-article", "type": "text", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/mcgimpsey-article.pdf", "image_small": "/objects/small/mcgimpsey-article_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/mcgimpsey-article_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/mcgimpsey-article_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/mcgimpsey-article.pdf", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/mcgimpsey-article.html" }, { "objectid": "mckesson-article", "title": "Article titled \"The West Concord Mothers: Coming into the Light,\" by Leslie D. McKesson, News Herald", "creator": "Leslie D. McKesson", "date": "2022-04-17", "description": "Dr. Leslie McKesson reflects on the history and legacy of the West Concord Mothers, including reflections from newly conducted interviews with Andrea Chambers Lytle and Artie McKesson Logan.", "subject": "desegregation; Andrea Chambers Lytle; Willette Chambers; Artie McKesson Logan; Collett Street Recreation Center; segregation; employment; discrimination; factory jobs; West Concord Mothers; Gary Harbison; Mountain View Elementary; Olive Hill High School; W.F. McIntosh; NAACP; J.L. Hunt; Slades Chapel AME Church; New Day Christian Church; newspaper; secondary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "Leslie D. McKesson", "identifier": "mckesson-article", "type": "text", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/mckesson-article.pdf", "image_small": "/objects/small/mckesson-article_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/mckesson-article_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/mckesson-article_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/mckesson-article.pdf", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/mckesson-article.html" }, { "objectid": "moore-article", "title": "Article titled \"Decision Has Been Expected\" by Stanley Moore, News Herald Editorial", "creator": "Stanley Moore; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "date": "1963-06-11", "description": "Editorial by Stanley Moore commending Morganton City School Board for their decision to reassign Black pupils and integrate the schools.", "subject": "desegregation; News Herald; Stanley Moore; newspaper; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "Stanley Moore; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "identifier": "moore-article", "type": "text", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/moore-article.pdf", "image_small": "/objects/small/moore-article_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/moore-article_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/moore-article_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/moore-article.pdf", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/moore-article.html" }, { "objectid": "museum-exhibit", "title": "Exhibit Handout titled \"Children of the Struggle: The Desegregation of Burke County, N.C. Public Schools\" by History Museum of Burke County", "creator": "History Museum of Burke County", "date": "2017", "description": "Background handout from the History Museum of Burke County's Children of the Struggle exhibit.", "subject": "desegregation; Morgan Academy; Civil War; Todd Caldwell; Waters Academy; Kistler Academy; Morganton Graded School for Colored Children; Olive Hill High School; Rosenwald Schools; Willow Tree School; McElrath Chapel (McAlpine) School; Rock Hill School; Canal (Bridgewater or Corpening) School; West Concord Mothers; transportation; Suburban Carriage Company; consolidation; Lucille Rutherford; Artie McKesson Logan; secondary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "History Museum of Burke County", "identifier": "museum-exhibit", "type": "text", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/museum-exhibit.pdf", "image_small": "/objects/small/museum-exhibit_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/museum-exhibit_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/museum-exhibit_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/museum-exhibit.pdf", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/museum-exhibit.html" }, { "objectid": "shuffler-article", "title": "Article titled \"The Fight for Equality: It was a Long Road to a Desegregated Burke County\" by Cheryl M. Shuffler, News Herald", "creator": "Cheryl M. Shuffler; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "date": "2012-02-05", "description": "Article about Lucille Rutherford's experiences growing up under segregation in Morganton and her organizing as one of the West Concord Mothers. Shuffler quotes Ruth Roseboro and Artie Logan who were among the first students transferred from historically Black schools to formerly \"whites only\" schools in 1964.", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "Cheryl M. Shuffler; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public Library", "identifier": "shuffler-article", "type": "text", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/shuffler-article.pdf", "image_small": "/objects/small/shuffler-article_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/shuffler-article_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/shuffler-article_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/shuffler-article.pdf", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/shuffler-article.html" }, { "objectid": "whiteside-article", "title": "Article titled \"Remembering a Time Past\" by Loretta Whiteside, News Herald", "creator": "Loretta Whiteside; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public LIbrary", "date": "2005-3-06", "description": "Loretta Whiteside, student during 1960's desegregation, writes about the transition from a segregated school system to an integrated one in Morganton. She describes being \"happy, sad, and fearful.\"", "subject": "desegregation; News Herald; Olive Hill High School; Morganton High School; Mildred Largent; Collett Street Recreation Center; Woolworths; NAACP; newspaper; secondary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7368", "longitude": "-81.6918", "source": "Loretta Whiteside; North Carolina Room at Burke County Public LIbrary", "identifier": "whiteside-article", "type": "text", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "pdf", "object_location": "/objects/whiteside-article.pdf", "image_small": "/objects/small/whiteside-article_sm.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/thumbs/whiteside-article_th.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/thumbs/whiteside-article_th.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/whiteside-article.pdf", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/whiteside-article.html" }, { "objectid": "johnson", "title": "Interview with Richard Johnson, Christobel Johnson, and Andrea Chambers Lytle", "creator": "Leslie D. McKesson Collection", "interviewer": "Leslie D. McKesson; Jeronimo Martin", "date": "2022-05-03", "description": "Among the first students to desegregate Morganton public schools in 1963, Richard Johnson, Christobel Johnson, and Andrea Chambers Lytle share their stories of racial violence and discrimination. \r\n\r\nRichard and Christoble Johnson are the children of Lucille Johnson Rutherford, one of the Seven Mothers. In 1963, Christoble was among the “first wave” of Black students to attend formerly white schools as a result of the Seven Mothers’ activism. She transferred from Mountain View Elementary School to Morganton Junior High for seventh grade, which resulted in being isolated from her siblings and peers as administrators assigned Black students one to a class.\r\n\r\nRichard Johnson was among the “first wave” of students to desegregate Morganton High School. His mother sent him to school for a quality education but no one accounted for the hostility and threats he would receive. Richard, Christoble, and Andrea recall the loneliness and rejection of sitting at a cafeteria table only for other students to move away, being served cold food at the end of lunch periods, having to dance alone or play basketball alone. As Christoble states, “We got abused for quality.”", "subject": "Andrea Chambers Lytle; Richard Johnson; Christobel Johnson; Claude Sitton; Willette Chambers; Ruth Forney; Mildred Largent; Lucille Rutherford; W.F. McIntosh; Beverly Forney; Beverly Forney Carlton; Leslie D. McKesson; Burke County; Morganton; West Concord Street; Downtown Morganton; Slades Chapel; History Museum of Burke County; Mountain View Elementary; Forest Hill Elementary; Central School; West Concord; Olive Hill High School; Morganton High School; Morganton Junior High; Desegregation; School Integration; Segregation; Discrimination; Mistreatment/Abuse From Teachers; Hitting, Humiliation; Favoritism; Loss of Black teachers; Community Activism; Resistance; Student-led activism; Work; Employment Discrimination; Church; Joy; Family; Sports; Basketball; Historically Black Colleges and Universities; Predominantly White Institutions; Segregated water fountains; Segregated restrooms; Harassment; Community; Racial Violence; Protests; Name-Calling; Extracurriculars; Walkout; oral history; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.73679724", "longitude": "-81.69177026", "source": "Leslie D. McKesson Collection", "identifier": "johnson", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jP8E4jWMG7k", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/jP8E4jWMG7k/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/jP8E4jWMG7k/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jP8E4jWMG7k", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/johnson.html" }, { "objectid": "logan", "title": "Interview with Artie M. Logan", "creator": "Leslie D. McKesson Collection", "interviewer": "Leslie D. McKesson", "date": "2022-03-22", "description": "Friend of the children and mentee of the mothers, Artie McKesson Logan shares stories from her school-age years during desegregation and under the tutelage of the West Concord Mothers. Artie McKesson Logan was a friend of the children of the Seven Mothers, or West Concord Mothers. In 1963, she was part of the group of children who challenged segregated recreation facilities. The Mothers trained them in nonviolent practices before their actions–as Logan says, “prompting and priming” the children for the dangers and rejection they would encounter.", "subject": "Artie McKesson Logan; Desegregation; Sports; Predominantly White Institutions; School; School Integration; Racial Violence; West Concord Mothers; Parents; Transportation; West Concord Mothers; Olive Hill High School; Mountain View Elementary School; NAACP; Morganton High School; Morganton Junior High School; Discrimination; Community Activism; W.F McIntosh; Mountain view recreation center; Slades Chapel; Student-led Activism; oral history; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.73679724", "longitude": "-81.69177026", "source": "Leslie D. McKesson Collection", "identifier": "logan", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_ZxjnGpyXE", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/y_ZxjnGpyXE/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/y_ZxjnGpyXE/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_ZxjnGpyXE", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/logan.html" }, { "objectid": "lytle-2022", "title": "Interview with Andrea Chambers Lytle (2022)", "creator": "Leslie D. McKesson Collection", "interviewer": "Leslie D. McKesson", "date": "2022-04-09", "description": "Andrea Chambers Lytle and Jeannie Chambers Logan are the daughters of Willette Chambers, one of the Seven Mothers. Andrea recalls the Seven Mothers meeting at Reverend McIntosh’s home at night in order to develop a plan for their children to attend the white schools closer to their homes.", "subject": "Andrea Chambers Lytle; Jeannie Chambers Logan; Resistance; Loss of Black Teachers; Community; Church; Family; Sports; Cheerleading; Band; Morganton city schools; Annie J. Hicks; Willete Chambers; Laura Thomas; Lucille Rutherford; Mildred Largent; Leslie D. McKesson; W.F McIntosh; Ruth Forney; Beverly Forney Carlton; Slades Chapel; Morganton; Drexel High school; Predominantly white institutions; Mistreatment/Abuse From Teachers; Hitting, Humiliation; oral history; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.73679724", "longitude": "-81.69177026", "source": "Leslie D. McKesson Collection", "identifier": "lytle-2022", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2docAEh1_M", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/S2docAEh1_M/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/S2docAEh1_M/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2docAEh1_M", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/lytle-2022.html" }, { "objectid": "lytle-2015", "title": "Interview with Andrea Chambers Lytle (2015)", "creator": "History Museum of Burke County", "interviewer": "Claude Sitton; History Museum of Burke County", "date": "2015-09-24", "description": "Andrea Chambers Lytle lived on West Concord Street for most of her life. She is the daughter of Mrs. Willette Chambers, one of the seven West Concord Mothers. She attended Mountain View Elementary School during segregation. In 1963, Lytle was reassigned to a special education class at Central School downtown, separated from her siblings, and one of only four Black children sent to that school. She completed half a year at Central School before the school psychologist admitted they mistakenly placed her in the special education class. She was transferred to Forest Hill Elementary School and forced to repeat fifth grade.", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.73679724", "longitude": "-81.69177026", "source": "History Museum of Burke County", "identifier": "lytle-2015", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVf-oaxjjLw", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/FVf-oaxjjLw/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/FVf-oaxjjLw/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVf-oaxjjLw", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/lytle-2015.html" }, { "objectid": "rutherford", "title": "Interview with Lucille Johnson Rutherford", "creator": "History Museum of Burke County", "interviewer": "Claude Sitton; History Museum of Burke County", "date": "2015-08-23", "description": "Lucille Johnson Rutherford grew up in Glen Alpine and went to McAlpine Elementary School. Johnson was one of the Seven Mothers who called themselves the West Concord Mothers. Other mothers include: Ms. Laura Thomas, Ms. Willett Chambers, Mildred Largent, Annie Hicks, Ruth Thorney, Rose Johnson. These mothers worked with local preachers and churches to challenge school segregation in the 1960's, advocating for better educational opportunities for their children. ", "subject": "Lucille Rutherford; Claude Sitton; Glen Alpine; MacAlpine Elementary School; Olive Hill High School; Morganton High School; West Concord Mothers; Laura Thomas; Willette Chambers; Mildred Largent; Annie J Hicks; Ruth Forney; Rose Johnson; Mountain View Elementary; Richard Rutherford; Lorraine Johnson; Desegregation; School Integration; Transportation; Lack Of Funding; Segregation; Racial Violence; Physical Violence; Community Activism; Protests; Basketball; Freedom High School; College Street Recreation Center; Burkemont Hotel; Woolworths; oral history; primary source", "location": "West Concord Street, Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.75061105178484", "longitude": "-81.69357970793953", "source": "History Museum of Burke County", "identifier": "rutherford", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Q4Tf7CeI-c", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/0Q4Tf7CeI-c/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/0Q4Tf7CeI-c/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Q4Tf7CeI-c", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/rutherford.html" }, { "objectid": "forney", "title": "Interview with Charles Forney", "creator": "History Museum of Burke County", "interviewer": "Claude Sitton; History Museum of Burke County", "date": "2015-10-01", "description": "Charles Forney was born in Morganton and attended first and second grade at Olive Hill School. Mountain View Elementary School opened in 1957, and Forney transferred there. His family lived on West Concord Street, and his parents were involved in organizing among West Concord families to have their children transferred to the all-white schools in their neighborhoods. His mother Ruth Forney was part of the Seven Mothers. Because of his families’ efforts, Forney was among the first wave of Black students to desegregate public schools. In 1963, he transferred to Morganton Junior High, a formerly all-white school. ", "subject": "Charles Forney; Robert Forney; Beverly Forney; Ruth Forney; Desegregation Sports; School; School Integration; Racial Violence; Transportation; West Concord Mothers; Olive Hill High School; Mountain View Elementary School; Collett Street Recreation Center; NAACP; Morganton High School; Morganton Junior High School; Discrimination; Community Activism; Basketball Football; W.F McIntosh; Parents; Morganton City Schools; West Concord Street; Woolworths; Drexel Furniture; Western Piedmont; Protests; Employment discrimination; Family Work; Community; Student-led Activism; Physical Violence; Burke County; Morganton; oral history; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.73679724", "longitude": "-81.69177026", "source": "History Museum of Burke County", "identifier": "forney", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DH8dV7oK4-8", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/DH8dV7oK4-8/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/DH8dV7oK4-8/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DH8dV7oK4-8", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/forney.html" }, { "objectid": "bryant", "title": "Interview with Elias Bryant", "creator": "History Museum of Burke County", "interviewer": "Claude Sitton; Allen Fullwood; History Museum of Burke County", "date": "2015-09-09", "description": "Elias Bryant attended MacAlpine Elementary School and Olive Hill High School for most of his high school years. During his senior year in 1964-1965, due to desegregation he was reassigned to Glen Alpine High School. On his first day at Glen Alpine High School, the principal sent white students to one side of the gym and Black students to the other and addressed Black students using a racial epithet. ", "subject": "Elias Bryant; Claude Sitton; McAlpine Elementary School; Olive Hill High School; Glen Alpine Elementary School; Morganton High School; Western Piedmont; Band; Glee Club; Sports; Basketball; Desegregation; School Integration; Segregation; Racial Violence; Physical Violence; Predominantly White Institutions; Lack Of Funding; Discrimination; Mistreatment/Abuse From Teachers; Employment Discrimination; Community Activism; Parents; Family; Downtown Morganton; Burke County Public Library; History Museum of Burke County; Church; Recreation Center; Freedom High School; oral history; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.73679724", "longitude": "-81.69177026", "source": "History Museum of Burke County", "identifier": "bryant", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6DtIH2SEgU", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/A6DtIH2SEgU/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/A6DtIH2SEgU/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6DtIH2SEgU", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/bryant.html" }, { "objectid": "mcintosh", "title": "Interview with William F. McIntosh and Robert Caldwell", "creator": "History Museum of Burke County", "interviewer": "Claude Sitton; History Museum of Burke County", "date": "2012-01-05", "description": "Reverend W.F. McIntosh and Robert Caldwell speak with Claude Sitton about their experiences of desegregation in Burke County schools. \r\n\r\nCoach McIntosh grew up in Marion, South Carolina and moved to North Carolina to play football at Johnson C. Smith University. After graduating and serving a few years in the military, he accepted a position at Oak Hill High School teaching math and coaching football. Coach McIntosh also taught typing after school until typing was added to Olive Hill’s curriculum and taught physical education until a teacher was hired.\r\n\r\nRobert Caldwell was one of Coach Mac’s students and players at Olive Hill. He played football in the Shrine Bowl in 1957 and also grew up in the same neighborhood as Coach Mac. ", "subject": "W.F. McIntosh; Rob Caldwell; Morganton; Burke County; Olive Hill High School; Glen Alpine; Community Activism; Desegregation; School Integration; Segregation; Discrimination; Name-Calling; Harassment; Transportation; Sports; Band; Extracurriculars; Church; Parents; Community; Morganton City Schools; Family; oral history; primary source", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.73679724", "longitude": "-81.69177026", "source": "History Museum of Burke County", "identifier": "mcintosh", "type": "record", "format": "compound_object", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "transcript", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQUZWEUS9-M", "image_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/fQUZWEUS9-M/hqdefault.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://img.youtube.com/vi/fQUZWEUS9-M/hqdefault.jpg", "object_location": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQUZWEUS9-M", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/mcintosh.html" }, { "objectid": "slades-chapel", "title": "Slades Chapel AME Zion Church", "creator": "Children of the Struggle Project", "description": "Slades Chapel AME Zion Church located at 307 East Union Street. A central gathering place for the African American community and important site for civil rights organizing in Burke County. The West Concord Mothers met here to plan their desegregation efforts in the 1960s.", "subject": "Slades Chapel; church; civil rights; West Concord Mothers; organizing; place; African American community", "location": "307 East Union Street, Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.7454", "longitude": "-81.6848", "source": "Children of the Struggle Project", "identifier": "slades-chapel", "type": "place", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/slades-chapel-marker.jpg", "image_thumb": "/objects/slades-chapel-marker.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/slades-chapel-marker.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/slades-chapel-marker.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/slades-chapel.html" }, { "objectid": "olive-hill-school-all-grades", "title": "Olive Hill School (All Grades)", "creator": "Children of the Struggle Project", "description": "Olive Hill High School established in the 1920s served as the only secondary school available to Black students in Burke County until the mid-1960s. Operating throughout the Jim Crow era the school faced chronic underfunding; most of its equipment and materials were hand-me-downs from nearby white schools. As a result students at Olive Hill lacked many opportunities afforded elsewhere including updated textbooks adequate classroom resources and equitable academic programs. This school was later renamed to \"West Concord School\" in 1965 to serve as a place for 9th grade students until 1973 when Freedom High School opened. These unequal conditions were a major catalyst for the activism of the West Concord Mothers. Many of these women had children enrolled at Olive Hill and their firsthand experience with the school's disparities fueled their fight for educational justice and desegregation in Burke County.", "subject": "Olive Hill School; education; segregation; place; African American community; elementary; middle school; high school", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.735015", "longitude": "-81.690856", "source": "Children of the Struggle Project", "identifier": "olive-hill-school-pre-1958", "type": "place", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/olive_hill_hs_yearbook.jpg", "image_thumb": "/objects/olive_hill_hs_yearbook.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/olive_hill_hs_yearbook.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/olive_hill_hs_yearbook.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/olive-hill-school-all-grades.html" }, { "objectid": "olive-hill-high-school", "title": "Olive Hill High School (1958-1966)", "creator": "Children of the Struggle Project", "description": "Olive Hill High School established in the 1920s served as the only secondary school available to Black students in Burke County until the mid-1960s. Operating throughout the Jim Crow era the school faced chronic underfunding; most of its equipment and materials were hand-me-downs from nearby white schools. As a result students at Olive Hill lacked many opportunities afforded elsewhere including updated textbooks adequate classroom resources and equitable academic programs. This school was later renamed to \"West Concord School\" in 1965 to serve as a place for 9th grade students until 1973 when Freedom High School opened. These unequal conditions were a major catalyst for the activism of the West Concord Mothers. Many of these women had children enrolled at Olive Hill and their firsthand experience with the school's disparities fueled their fight for educational justice and desegregation in Burke County.", "subject": "Olive Hill High School; education; segregation; desegregation; place; African American community; high school", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.735015", "longitude": "-81.690856", "source": "Children of the Struggle Project", "identifier": "olive-hill-high-school", "type": "place", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/olive_hill_hs_yearbook.jpg", "image_thumb": "/objects/olive_hill_hs_yearbook.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/olive_hill_hs_yearbook.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/olive_hill_hs_yearbook.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/olive-hill-high-school.html" }, { "objectid": "mountain-view-elementary", "title": "Mountain View Elementary School", "creator": "Children of the Struggle Project", "description": "Mountain View Elementary School served as the primary feeder school for Black students who later attended Olive Hill High School. Like Olive Hill, Mountain View operated under severe resource shortages, receiving outdated materials and limited funding compared to white schools in Burke County. Many of the children of the West Concord Mothers began their education at Mountain View before progressing to Olive Hill, giving these families firsthand experience with the inequities of the segregated school system. In 1964, a group of students from Mountain View was selected to participate in an early transfer program that allowed Black children to attend previously all-white schools such as Forest Hill and Central Elementary. Today, Mountain View Elementary remains open and active as one of the major elementary schools in Burke County.", "subject": "Mountain View Elementary; education; segregation; desegregation; place; African American community", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.753476987977706", "longitude": "-81.70172887755979", "source": "Children of the Struggle Project", "identifier": "mountain-view-elementary", "type": "place", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/class-photo.jpg", "image_thumb": "/objects/class-photo.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/class-photo.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/class-photo.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/mountain-view-elementary.html" }, { "objectid": "mountain-view-elementary-post1965", "title": "Mountain View Elementary School", "creator": "Children of the Struggle Project", "description": "Mountain View Elementary School served as the primary feeder school for Black students who later attended Olive Hill High School. Like Olive Hill, Mountain View operated under severe resource shortages, receiving outdated materials and limited funding compared to white schools in Burke County. Many of the children of the West Concord Mothers began their education at Mountain View before progressing to Olive Hill, giving these families firsthand experience with the inequities of the segregated school system. In 1964, a group of students from Mountain View was selected to participate in an early transfer program that allowed Black children to attend previously all-white schools such as Forest Hill and Central Elementary. Today, Mountain View Elementary remains open and active as one of the major elementary schools in Burke County.", "subject": "Mountain View Elementary; education; segregation; desegregation; place; African American community", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.753476987977706", "longitude": "-81.70172887755979", "source": "Children of the Struggle Project", "identifier": "mountain-view-elementary", "type": "place", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/class-photo.jpg", "image_thumb": "/objects/class-photo.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/class-photo.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/class-photo.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/mountain-view-elementary-post1965.html" }, { "objectid": "forest-hill-elementary", "title": "Forest Hill Elementary School", "creator": "Children of the Struggle Project", "description": "Forest Hill Elementary was one of several all-white schools in Burke County during the era of segregation. In 1964, it became part of the county's pilot desegregation program, accepting a small number of Black students from Mountain View and West Concord Elementary Schools. Families participating in this early transfer effort sought access to the better educational opportunities available in white schools, which were more consistently supplied with updated textbooks, stronger academic curricula, and well-funded teaching staff. The West Concord Mothers—whose advocacy helped drive the desegregation effort—believed that enrolling their children in schools like Forest Hill would offer them the equitable education they had long been denied. These mothers were highly intentional about preparing their children for the transition, emphasizing proper behavior and conduct to minimize potential backlash and ensure the success of the desegregation initiative.", "subject": "Forest Hill Elementary; education; desegregation; place; white schools", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.73242954104869", "longitude": "-81.7010763122796", "source": "Children of the Struggle Project", "identifier": "forest-hill-elementary", "type": "place", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/forest-hill-elementary-modern.jpg", "image_thumb": "/objects/forest-hill-elementary-modern.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/forest-hill-elementary-modern.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/forest-hill-elementary-modern.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/forest-hill-elementary.html" }, { "objectid": "forest-hill-elementary-post1963", "title": "Forest Hill Elementary School", "creator": "Children of the Struggle Project", "description": "Forest Hill Elementary was one of several all-white schools in Burke County during the era of segregation. In 1964, it became part of the county's pilot desegregation program, accepting a small number of Black students from Mountain View and West Concord Elementary Schools. Families participating in this early transfer effort sought access to the better educational opportunities available in white schools, which were more consistently supplied with updated textbooks, stronger academic curricula, and well-funded teaching staff. The West Concord Mothers—whose advocacy helped drive the desegregation effort—believed that enrolling their children in schools like Forest Hill would offer them the equitable education they had long been denied. These mothers were highly intentional about preparing their children for the transition, emphasizing proper behavior and conduct to minimize potential backlash and ensure the success of the desegregation initiative.", "subject": "Forest Hill Elementary; education; desegregation; place; white schools", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.73242954104869", "longitude": "-81.7010763122796", "source": "Children of the Struggle Project", "identifier": "forest-hill-elementary", "type": "place", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/forest-hill-elementary-modern.jpg", "image_thumb": "/objects/forest-hill-elementary-modern.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/forest-hill-elementary-modern.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/forest-hill-elementary-modern.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/forest-hill-elementary-post1963.html" }, { "objectid": "glen-alpine-elementary", "title": "Glen Alpine Elementary School", "creator": "Children of the Struggle Project", "description": "Glen Alpine Elementary School was one of the several schools that became involved in desegregation efforts beginning in 1965. Located in the town of Glen Alpine, just west of Morganton, this school did not play a major direct role in the movement led by the West Concord Mothers. However, its participation in the broader desegregation process reflects how the impact of the Mothers' advocacy extended beyond their own community, influencing schools throughout Burke County.", "subject": "Glen Alpine Elementary; education; desegregation; place; Glen Alpine; white schools", "location": "Glen Alpine, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.72546731639418", "longitude": "-81.77920292184646", "source": "Children of the Struggle Project", "identifier": "glen-alpine-elementary", "type": "place", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/glenn-alpine-logo-modern.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/glenn-alpine-logo-modern.png", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/glenn-alpine-logo-modern.png", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/glenn-alpine-logo-modern.png", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/glen-alpine-elementary.html" }, { "objectid": "glen-alpine-elementary-post1963", "title": "Glen Alpine Elementary School", "creator": "Children of the Struggle Project", "description": "Glen Alpine Elementary School was one of the several schools that became involved in desegregation efforts beginning in 1965. Located in the town of Glen Alpine, just west of Morganton, this school did not play a major direct role in the movement led by the West Concord Mothers. However, its participation in the broader desegregation process reflects how the impact of the Mothers' advocacy extended beyond their own community, influencing schools throughout Burke County.", "subject": "Glen Alpine Elementary; education; desegregation; place; Glen Alpine; white schools", "location": "Glen Alpine, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.72546731639418", "longitude": "-81.77920292184646", "source": "Children of the Struggle Project", "identifier": "glen-alpine-elementary", "type": "place", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/glenn-alpine-logo-modern.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/glenn-alpine-logo-modern.png", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/glenn-alpine-logo-modern.png", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/glenn-alpine-logo-modern.png", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/glen-alpine-elementary-post1963.html" }, { "objectid": "freedom-high-school", "title": "Freedom High School", "creator": "Children of the Struggle Project", "description": "Freedom High School opened in 1973 as part of a major consolidation of Burke County's secondary schools. The new school brought together students from several formerly separate high schools, including Morganton High School, Oak Hill High School, Glen Alpine High School, and Salem High School. Its opening marked a significant shift in the county's educational structure, occurring after the desegregation efforts of the 1960s and reflecting a move toward a unified, integrated school system. While Freedom High School did not directly originate from Olive Hill High School, its establishment came during the same period in which students from historically Black schools were being incorporated into the broader public-school network, symbolizing a new, integrated chapter for Burke County.", "subject": "Freedom High School; education; desegregation; integration; place", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.74474713178156", "longitude": "-81.71971823816976", "source": "Children of the Struggle Project", "identifier": "freedom-high-school", "type": "place", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/freedom-high-school-modern.jpg", "image_thumb": "/objects/freedom-high-school-modern.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/freedom-high-school-modern.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/freedom-high-school-modern.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/freedom-high-school.html" }, { "objectid": "west-concord-street", "title": "West Concord Street", "creator": "Children of the Struggle Project", "description": "Home to the Seven Mothers who organized for desegregation of Burke County public schools in the 1960s.", "subject": "West Concord Street; West Concord Mothers; civil rights; organizing; place", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.74007037157964", "longitude": "-81.69034274462378", "source": "Children of the Struggle Project", "identifier": "west-concord-street", "type": "place", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/7mothers.png", "image_thumb": "/objects/7mothers.png", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/7mothers.png", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/7mothers.png", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/west-concord-street.html" }, { "objectid": "drexel-elementary", "title": "Drexel Elementary School", "creator": "Children of the Struggle Project", "description": "Drexel Elementary School was one of the historically white elementary schools serving the eastern side of Burke County during the era of segregation. While it did not have a direct connection to the activism of the West Concord Mothers, their push for educational equality in the early 1960s contributed to the broader desegregation efforts that eventually reached all public schools in the county, including Drexel Elementary.", "subject": "Drexel Elementary; education; desegregation; place", "location": "Drexel, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.75042272971446", "longitude": "-81.60923812397434", "source": "Children of the Struggle Project", "identifier": "drexel-elementary", "type": "place", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/drexel-elemntary-modern.jpg", "image_thumb": "/objects/drexel-elemntary-modern.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/drexel-elemntary-modern.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/drexel-elemntary-modern.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/drexel-elementary.html" }, { "objectid": "drexel-elementary-post1965", "title": "Drexel Elementary School", "creator": "Children of the Struggle Project", "description": "Drexel Elementary School was one of the historically white elementary schools serving the eastern side of Burke County during the era of segregation. While it did not have a direct connection to the activism of the West Concord Mothers, their push for educational equality in the early 1960s contributed to the broader desegregation efforts that eventually reached all public schools in the county, including Drexel Elementary.", "subject": "Drexel Elementary; education; desegregation; place", "location": "Drexel, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.75042272971446", "longitude": "-81.60923812397434", "source": "Children of the Struggle Project", "identifier": "drexel-elementary", "type": "place", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/drexel-elemntary-modern.jpg", "image_thumb": "/objects/drexel-elemntary-modern.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/drexel-elemntary-modern.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/drexel-elemntary-modern.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/drexel-elementary-post1965.html" }, { "objectid": "west-concord-school", "title": "West Concord School (9th Grade Only)", "creator": "Children of the Struggle Project", "description": "In 1966, Olive Hill High School was reorganized and renamed West Concord School. This reorganized school served only 9th grade students, representing a significant reduction in scope as desegregation efforts continued. The school continued serving 9th graders at the former Olive Hill location.", "subject": "West Concord School; education; segregation; desegregation; place; African American community; ninth grade", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.735015", "longitude": "-81.690856", "source": "Children of the Struggle Project", "identifier": "west-concord-school", "type": "place", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/west_concord_school.jpg", "image_thumb": "/objects/west_concord_school.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/west_concord_school.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/west_concord_school.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/west-concord-school.html" }, { "objectid": "morganton-junior-high", "title": "Morganton Junior High School", "creator": "Children of the Struggle Project", "description": "Morganton Junior High School was a formerly all-white school that Black students were reassigned to during the first wave of desegregation in 1963. Gary Harbison and other Black students desegregated this school and faced significant challenges during the integration process.", "subject": "Morganton Junior High; education; desegregation; place; white schools", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.740616105583356", "longitude": "-81.68509048179348", "source": "Children of the Struggle Project", "identifier": "morganton-junior-high", "type": "place", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/morganton_junior_high.jpg", "image_thumb": "/objects/morganton_junior_high.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/morganton_junior_high.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/morganton_junior_high.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/morganton-junior-high.html" }, { "objectid": "morganton-junior-high-post1963", "title": "Morganton Junior High School", "creator": "Children of the Struggle Project", "description": "Morganton Junior High School was a formerly all-white school that Black students were reassigned to during the first wave of desegregation in 1963. Gary Harbison and other Black students desegregated this school and faced significant challenges during the integration process.", "subject": "Morganton Junior High; education; desegregation; place; white schools", "location": "Morganton, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.740616105583356", "longitude": "-81.68509048179348", "source": "Children of the Struggle Project", "identifier": "morganton-junior-high", "type": "place", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/morganton_junior_high.jpg", "image_thumb": "/objects/morganton_junior_high.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/morganton_junior_high.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/morganton_junior_high.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/morganton-junior-high-post1963.html" }, { "objectid": "mcalpine-elementary", "title": "McAlpine Elementary School", "creator": "Children of the Struggle Project", "description": "McAlpine Elementary School was the first public all-Black elementary school in that part of Burke County during segregation. A Rosenwald school located on what is now called Sundown Road in Park Hill, McAlpine served the African American community in the Glen Alpine area. The school closed in 1965 as part of the desegregation and consolidation efforts in Burke County.", "subject": "McAlpine Elementary; education; segregation; place; African American community; Rosenwald school; Park Hill", "location": "Park Hill, North Carolina", "latitude": "35.70410938351325", "longitude": "-81.79996493354108", "source": "Children of the Struggle Project", "identifier": "mcalpine-elementary", "type": "place", "format": "image/jpg", "language": "eng", "rightsstatement": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/", "rights": "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. For more information, please contact Morganton Public Library North Carolina Room (828) 764-9266.", "display_template": "image", "object_location": "/objects/placeholder.jpg", "image_thumb": "/objects/placeholder.jpg", "object_thumb": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/placeholder.jpg", "object_location": "https://childrenogfthestruggle.org//children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/objects/placeholder.jpg", "reference_url": "/children-of-the-struggle-oral-history/items/mcalpine-elementary.html" } ] }